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Mean Velocity Formula:
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Mean velocity in a pipe represents the average speed at which fluid flows through the cross-sectional area of the pipe. It is a fundamental parameter in fluid dynamics and pipe flow calculations.
The calculator uses the mean velocity formula:
Where:
Explanation: The formula calculates the average velocity by dividing the volumetric flow rate by the cross-sectional area through which the fluid is flowing.
Details: Calculating mean velocity is essential for designing piping systems, determining pressure drops, calculating Reynolds numbers, and ensuring efficient fluid transport in various engineering applications.
Tips: Enter flow rate in m³/s and cross-sectional area in m². Both values must be positive numbers greater than zero for accurate calculation.
Q1: What is the difference between mean velocity and maximum velocity?
A: Mean velocity is the average velocity across the pipe cross-section, while maximum velocity occurs at the center of the pipe in laminar flow due to the velocity profile.
Q2: How does pipe diameter affect mean velocity?
A: For a constant flow rate, mean velocity decreases as pipe diameter increases because the cross-sectional area increases proportionally to the square of the diameter.
Q3: Can this formula be used for both liquids and gases?
A: Yes, the formula applies to both incompressible liquids and compressible gases, though for gases at high velocities, compressibility effects may need to be considered.
Q4: What are typical mean velocity values in piping systems?
A: Typical design velocities range from 1-3 m/s for water systems, 15-30 m/s for steam systems, and vary based on fluid properties and application requirements.
Q5: How is cross-sectional area calculated for different pipe shapes?
A: For circular pipes: \( A = \pi r^2 \) or \( A = \pi d^2/4 \). For rectangular ducts: \( A = width \times height \). For other shapes, use the appropriate geometric formula.