1. What is Pressure at Depth?

Pressure at depth refers to the gauge pressure experienced at a certain depth in a fluid due to the weight of the fluid above it. The formula P_g = ρgh calculates this pressure, where ρ is fluid density, g is gravitational acceleration, and h is depth.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the pressure at depth formula:

Where:

• \( P_g \) — Gauge pressure (Pascals)
• \( \rho \) — Fluid density (kg/m³)
• \( g \) — Gravitational acceleration (m/s²)
• \( h \) — Depth below fluid surface (m)

Explanation: The equation calculates the pressure exerted by a column of fluid due to gravity. This is the pressure in addition to atmospheric pressure.

3. Importance of Pressure Calculation

Details: Accurate pressure calculation is crucial for engineering applications, scuba diving safety, hydraulic systems design, and understanding fluid behavior in various environments.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter fluid density in kg/m³, gravitational acceleration in m/s² (9.81 m/s² on Earth), and depth in meters. All values must be positive numbers.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What's the difference between gauge pressure and absolute pressure?
A: Gauge pressure is pressure relative to atmospheric pressure, while absolute pressure includes atmospheric pressure. P_absolute = P_gauge + P_atmospheric.

Q2: Does this formula work for all fluids?
A: Yes, the formula works for any fluid, but the density value must be appropriate for the specific fluid being measured.

Q3: How does temperature affect pressure at depth?
A: Temperature affects fluid density. Warmer fluids are generally less dense, which would result in slightly lower pressure at the same depth compared to colder fluids.

Q4: What are typical density values for common fluids?
A: Fresh water: ~1000 kg/m³, seawater: ~1025 kg/m³, mercury: ~13500 kg/m³. These values can vary with temperature and composition.

Q5: Why is gravitational acceleration important in this calculation?
A: Gravity provides the force that gives weight to the fluid column. The pressure results from this weight acting over the area at depth.