1. What Is A Closed Manometer?

A closed manometer is a device used to measure pressure differences by comparing the height of a liquid column in a U-shaped tube. One end is connected to the pressure source while the other end is sealed.

2. How Does The Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the hydrostatic pressure equation:

Where:

• \( P \) — Pressure (Pascals)
• \( \rho \) — Fluid density (kg/m³)
• \( g \) — Gravitational acceleration (m/s²)
• \( h \) — Height difference of fluid column (m)

Explanation: The equation calculates the pressure difference based on the height difference of the manometer fluid column, its density, and local gravity.

3. Importance Of Pressure Calculation

Details: Accurate pressure measurement is crucial in various engineering applications, HVAC systems, medical equipment, and industrial processes where precise pressure control is required.

4. Using The Calculator

Tips: Enter fluid density in kg/m³ (water = 1000 kg/m³, mercury = 13590 kg/m³), gravitational acceleration in m/s² (standard is 9.81 m/s²), and height difference in meters. All values must be positive.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What's the difference between open and closed manometers?
A: Open manometers have one end open to atmosphere and measure gauge pressure, while closed manometers measure absolute pressure or pressure differences between two points.

Q2: What fluids are commonly used in manometers?
A: Water, mercury, and oil are common manometer fluids. Choice depends on the pressure range and application requirements.

Q3: How does temperature affect manometer readings?
A: Temperature affects fluid density, which impacts pressure calculations. For precise measurements, temperature compensation may be needed.

Q4: What are the limitations of manometers?
A: Manometers have limited range, are sensitive to vibrations, and may require large heights for measuring small pressure differences.

Q5: How accurate are manometer measurements?
A: Well-designed manometers can be very accurate (within 0.5-1% of reading), but accuracy depends on proper calibration, fluid properties, and reading precision.